Airships

lighter than air

- hot air, helium, hydrogen, politics.

possible efficiency

-   is lift free ? skin friction, bounday layer.

the payload problem

-   ballonet.

-   gaseous fuel.

-   no way of balancing a payload.

pie in the sky

-   Papanek, Graf Zeppelin, Buckminster Fuller.

a cautionary tale on design

-   R100 / R101, Barnes Wallis.

-   politics again.

recreational airships

-   Santos Dumont, pedal hot air balloons.