Quaternions

what are quaternions

- Hamilton.

- mathematically it's sort sort of an expanded complex number. Not just an extra i, but i, j, and k.

- unfortunate element order in Wertz's book on "Spacecraft Attitude Control".
Therefore also in one of Matlab's toolboxes.

- unfortunately, order and interpretation varies too.

- one day, put memo PL-18-052 here.

the unit quaternion

- also called "versor".

- for attitudes, use normalized quaternion.

- that means one element is redundant.

why use ( unit ) quaternions

I first met quaternions in my work on the ISO satellite. Later I found them extremely useful in mechanisms, and then again in haptic rendering.

- they can be "almost" intuitive ( examples ).

First in 3D haptic rendering, and later again in tracking the kinematics of the Simodont dental trainer mechanism, and my exoskeletons.

rigid body - successive rotations

- Euler angles.

- Amy de Butleir.

successive rotations in serial mechanisms

- order matters.

- exoskeletons, ADL gimbal.

- forward and inverse kinematics.

- add end point positions too.

satellite attitude

- small relative rotations in the "control error",
    needed because of the extreme difference between the pointing accuracy and the full 180° slewing range.

- infinitesimal rotations in "attitude propagation", in simulation.

- rigid body rotations in VR (haptic rendering).

attitude propagation - integrating infinitesimal rotations

- ( 1, 0, 0, 0 )